Method of and apparatus for building concrete structures in water



Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT l METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURESIN WATER Filed Feb. l, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 D WITNESS.

IN VEN TOR C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF' AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETESTRUCTURES IN WATER Jan. 18, 1927.

Filed Feb. 10, 1922 l1 Sheets-Sheet E A TTORNEVS 1,615,069 Jan 18 1927'c. BRYNoLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES INWATER A TTORNE YS Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES INWATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VENTOR A TTORNE Y 51,615,069 Jan. 18, 1927. c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FURBUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER Fi 1ed Feb. 10. 1922 11Sheets-Sheet 5 Za VENTOR Mmm 7' et;

A from/EVS Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES INWATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 1l Sheets-$11691'. 6

nvvEfvToR Bg ygvmbl/ /t ATTORNEY 3 Jan. 1s, 1927.

, 1,615,069 c. BRYNoLDT METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETESTRUCTURES IN WATER Filed Feb. 10. 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 WIT/M1522 INVEN TOR 6 BY y Y@ 2 ATTORNEYS 1,615,069 Jan. 18, 1927. C. BRYNOLDTMETHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN WATER FiledFeb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 l n INVENTOR Jan. 18 1927.

` c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURESIN WATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 WTToRNEl/S Jan. 18 1927.

c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES INWATER Filed Feb 1U A TTORNE Y 5 Jan. 1s, 1927. 1,615,069

C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING CONCRETE STRUCTURES INWATER Filed Feb. 10, 1922 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 WITNESS IN V EN TOR @035%a. BY ATTORNEYS be aptly summed up as involving the Patented Jan. 18,1927.

uNfrrlsD STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN BBYNOLDT, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 BLAW-KNOXCOMPANY ,Y AHCOBPORATION 0I NEW JERSEY.`

METHOD `0F AND APPARATUS FOB, BUILDING CONQBETE STRUCTURES IN WATER.

Application lcd February 10, 1922. Serial Nof 535,464.

This invention relates to a method of and to an apparatus for buildinconcrete structures in water and it has or its principal object theprovision of means whereby the usual coffer dam may be dispensed with,and whereby the building of a submerged wall with a type of formsimilar to that shown in my Patent No. 1,298,450 may be madeexeditiously and accurately possible. In building structures in water ithas hereto-` fore been the practice to lirst provide a coffer dam andthen to um out the water before erecting a form or t e work. Thlsinvolves an enormous expense incident tothe driving of pilin cau king,and bracing sufficiently to wit stand the water pressure. Then themaking of the actual form takes in addition ap roximately as muchmaterial and money as oes the coier dam.

I propose to eliminate the greater part of this expense and to greatlyreduce the amount of time and materials necessary to build such astructure and my method consists in using apparatus which answers thecombined purpose of the former coffer darn with its contained form.Among the objects, therefore, of my invention are the provision of aform which can be placed directly in the water, which can be moved asaunit and used continuously without being in any way destroyed or rebuiltand one which can be made to fit the variations in the profile orcontour of the bottom at the different 4locations in which it is set.Theinvention can rovision of a-combined traveling coller and form. y

The invention is particularly useful in the building of concrete wallsand piers in water. In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated itas embodied in a struc turc which is especially designed for thebuilding of walls. With this purpose in view further objects of theinvention may be r stated as follows: the provision of means ance from adiver and, in fact, most of them absolutely without such assistance.

Generally stated the' foregoing constitute the objects of my inventionbut others will appear hereinafter in connection with the description ofthe accompanyin drawings which illustrate the idea in a pre erred formand in which i Fi 1 is an end elevation of a structure for orming wallswhich embodies my invention with the supportinglegs extended and theforms in position with the concrete poured;

V Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the framework which carries the formswith the legs retracted and looking in the direction of the arrows 2-2of Fig; 1;

Fig. 3 is a section of the framework taken on the line 3-3 of Fi 1; Fig.4 is a section 'o the on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectionl of the framework on an enlarged scale taken on theline 5-5 of Fig. 1 and illustrating the details of a ratchet forremoving the nuts 'on the tie rods; i .I

Fig. 6 is a lan section `of thestructure taken on the ine 6-6 of Fig. 1showing the side forms, the bulkheads and their bracing;

Fig. 7 is a half side elevation looking toward the left of Fig. 6 `whichshows the side form in place and an edge view of ya bulkhead; 1 pf'Fig.' 8 is an elevation of a bulkhead;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged plan view of the ppeil' toggle` on the right handside of Fig. 10 is an elevation of the structure of Fig. 9;

Fig. `11 is an enlarged plan View of the lower toggle on the right handside of Fig. 1;

Fig.- y of Fig. 11;

12 is an elevation of the structure von Fig. 13 is an end elevation of aframe -Y -left throu h the medium of a series of Comp Fig. 15 is adiagrammatic small scale elevation showing the progressive steps informing a footing;

Fi 16 is a view, similar to that of Fig. 15 w ich illustrates the stepsfor forming a wall on the footing; v

Fig. 17 is a view which follows out the dia ammatic showing of Figs. 15and 16 an illustrates the progressive steps in complating a wall bycasting extensions above water on the portions already built underwater;

which are worked from above the surface. Where the holes are used, as inthe figures under particular consideration, the posts or legs 11 are setto the desired position while the form is out of' the Water. Carefulsoundings aie made in exactly the spots where the justxnents madeaccordingly.

The side forms B and C are supported from the frame at the top by thevertically disposed turn-buckles 13. Adjustment of the forms to theexact shape and size of Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic small scale.u the wall1o be built is accomplished by meansl cross section of a footing withthe footing form in place and should be read in connection with Fig. 15;y

Fig. 19 is `a diagrammatic small scale cross section of footing and wallbuilt thereon with traveling wall form in `lace and should be read inconnection with Fi 16;

Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic smal scale cross section of footing, wall andwall extension with the extension form in place and should be read inconnection with Fig. 17

Fig. 21 is a small scale cross section o a eted wall;

Fig. 22 is a perspective vlew of a wall extension form;

Fi 23 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 but s owing a means foradjusting the forms from above water and means for removing tie rodsfrom above;

Fig. 24 is a partial cross section taken similarly to that of Fig. 6illustrating a lnodifie arrangement for hanging the bulk-V Fig. 25 is apartial side elevation of Fig. 24 looking as indicated by the arrows 25-25; and

Figs. 26, 27 and 28 are fra entary views illustrating a manner -in w ichthe form structure can be made water tight.

In eases where the depth of the water is not too great I cast awall-directly on the bottom without first casting a. footing and willnow describe this procedure, yreference being had particularly to Figs.1 to 12, inclusive. i

The structure constitutes in general a unitary, rigid, framework of aninverted U- shape, which I have indicated as a whole b the referencecharacter A, to which are a justably attached opposing side forms B andC. The frame is made up of a pluralit of trusses 10, suitably ri idlybraced in bot i vertical and horizontal irections in any approved mannerand when submerged, it is adapted to restl upon four adjustable posts11, one at each corner. Adjustment can be made by sliding the legs u ordown and then bolting them in the dbsired position holes 12. (See ig.'2.) Other means of adjustment might be used and in F ig. 23 I have shownan arrangement employing screw jacks of the horizontally disposedturnbuckles 14 and the upper and lower toggle constructions indicated asa whole by the reference characters I) and llfrespectively.

The upper toggles are each operated by means of a member 15 and aturnbuckle 16 and the lower toggles by a similar but longer member 17and a turnbuckle 18. The members 15 and 17' extend above the water level19 and the turnbuckles 16 and 18 are, therefore, operated from above thesurface so that it is unnecessary to employ a diver in setting the formsor in collapsing them away from the .work after the concrete hashardened.

Where the wall is not of too great height the frame A, with the togglesand turnbuckles mentioned, is of suiiaicient strenfrth to withstand thepressures by itself but where the height is sufficient to create toomuch' pressure I provide tie rods 20 between the forms near the bottomthereof which extend through ipes 21 afterwards left vin the concrete. Wen it is desired to collapse the Aforms and move the frame a nut at one`end of the rod is unscrewed by means of a ratchet 22 operated by a diveror from above with a double acting ratchet operated by means of ropesand the rod pulled out from the other end by means of a cable 23attached to any suitable hoisting mechanism on the surface of the-water,The ratchet is provided with a safety chain 24 so that there may be nodanger of losing it.

Thepermanent or fixed main or body portions of the forms B and C are ofall metal construction but the lower portions thereof, B and C may bemade of wood for the reason that it is necessary to make the permanentpart of the4 forms somewhat Shorter than is actually required and thento provide extensions B and C', in order to take care of inequalities indepth. For instance. an enti'relv permanent or fixed form could legs areto he placed and the adprobably be used in one location only as nominimumdepth, and then to fix the wooden.

extensions for the deepest part. This part is poured first followed insequence by the gradually decreasing shallower portions. The timberextensions can by this procedure 'be steadily reduced so that shimmingwill be unnecessar except possibly in occasional instances. I desiredthe extensions may be provided with adjustable vertical liners capableof'sliding movement with respect to the main pgition of the form. Theextensions may built u of horizontally extending planks 26 whici can beremoved or replaced as conditions require. The extenlsions may be bracedthrough the medium of any suitable bracing structure b and c. (See Fig.1.) v

' The structureaiid the procedure just described are particularl adaptedforl work where the contour of t e bottom is more or less irre ular. Theform is forced throu h any mii or other viscous matter to a solid bottomand then the inside is cleaned out by pumping before the concrete isrun. The depth to which the extension should `be built is determined bycareful sounding and the work all done before the form is placed inposition so that no divers are necessary.

The bulkheads for a form of this type are preferably made so that theycan be either removed separately or handled with the side forms. Theyare built up in any desired manner and may be held to the side forms bymeans of lugs 27 riveted to the ends of the steel wales 28 of the sideforms. The lugs have inclined faces 29 and ortions of the trussformation of the bul head are adapted to lit against these inclinedfaces. The bulkhead is placed in position and as it falls into place itrides inwardly on the inclined faces to a firm tight seat. By thisarrangement the pressure of the concrete on the bulkheads is transmittedto the longitudinal wales 28 on the side forms.

Instead of having the bulkheadsl removable as just described they can behinged in the manner illustrated in Figs. 24 and 25. "'Tlie bulkheadtruss 52 can be hin ed at one side to the end of the Wale 28 o the formB at the point 53. At the other side is provided a suitable lockingstructure comprising the upst'anding members 54 and 55se curedrespectivel to the truss 52 of the bulkhead and the wa e 28 of form C;the clamp 56 straddling said upstanding members; and the liftin post 57to which the clamp is se cured. 'Ie post is raised and lowered fromabovel by any suitable means suchhfor example, as the jack 58 and whenraised the bulkhead is free to swin out around the oint 53. Thestructures as been described in the singular but it is to be understoodthat it may be du licated for each truss 52 that might be use inbuilding up thebulkdesired the on y limit being the capacity ol" theavailable derricks since the structure as a whole, framework and formsincluding sometimes the bulkheads, is lifted bodily as a.v unit andmoved from one position to the next. I prefer touse two forni structuresinrarrying out the work one of which is provided with bulkheads but theother of which is not and What is generally called the alternate blockmethod of wall construction is employed; that is, one where separatedblocks are cast with com lete forms including bulkheads the space etweenblocks corresponding to the len th of a. block, and then the spacesfilled in overlap ing two precast blocks with side forms witout thebulkheads.

Where a very high or large wall is to be built which would necessitatean unusually large, heavy and cumbersome form it is generally advisable,instead of lifting the form `each time it is to be moved, to precast afooting under the water by means of a form very similar in principle tothe one already described and then in roviding this foot'- ing with atrack. On t is track are mounted form structures substantially identicalin character with that already ldescribed and in order to move themlfrom one position to the next it is only necessary to roll them alongthe track much in the manner disclosed for the building of walls abovewater in my Patent No. 1,298,450 issued March 25, 1919. The track can belaid on the footing for some distance ahead. In carrying out this partof my invention divers should be used to see thatl everything is inreadiness before the form structures are pulled ahead.

In Figs. 13 and 14 I have illustrated my method of precasting a footingunder the water. A frame. A', very similar tothe frame A alreadydescribed, is suspended from a scow 30 and to this frame are secured theside forms 31. Bulkheads 32 which may be ver similar to the bulkheadsalready describe are provided which can be handled,

iis I F u on which` I mount the rails 39 for the trac alon which thewall form structure proper is ater to be moved. As shown in ig. 19 theseparapets may be used to take the pressure of the lconcrete poured intoform A. This is accomplished by introducing jacks 48 between tleparapets and the lower ends of the forms thereby relieving the rails 39of the greater proportion at least'of the side thrust. The parapetbulkheads 40 are mounted upon movable legs 41 so that they maybe raisedand lowered out of the way or into position. The legs 41 are' alsoadaptc` l to set the rails 39.

In order to be able to cast upon very uneven or irregular bottoms Iprovide a series of narrow vertically movable 'extension members 42which are adapted to slide up and down in the truss worky of the sideforms as most clearly shown in Fig. 14.- In this way I can`very easilymake my structure conform to the contour or profile of the bot-A tom.The bottom is indicated in the various figures by the referencecharacter G.

.Fi s. 15 to 22 inclusive have been intro-- duce as a sort of a diagramto illustrate tho sequence of o erationsl as they are carried out whenbuilding a wall on a footing with what I have termed my submarine formand they may be said to brieliy sum up my method 1n outline. The work isconceived of as progressin to the right in these gures. First, atthe let of Fig. 15, is a complete footing form structure in place includinbulkheads. This casts a block of footing l as seen next to the rightinthe ligure. The spaces between 'blocks are filled in by placing a formwithout the bulkbeads between two blocks already cast as seen to theright of the figure. e

The form A now comes into operation as seen in Fig. 16 and exactly thesame method is used in casting the mam or body portion of the wall aswas used in casting the footing, namely the alternate' block method.

n Fi 1i I have illustrated a step which has not Ireen touched uponbefore but which involves sim ly the casting of an extension tothe walt`aiiove the water level. The alternatev block method is used here also.Suitable construction joints between the blocks are provided asindicated by the character 43.

In Fig. 23 I have illustrated a couple of modifications of details. Thelegs 11 'are adjustable from the surface after the form is in place bymeans of the screw jacks 44 and the rod 20 is released from above simplyby withdrawi the wedge 45 throu h the medium of the ar 46 and theturnbuc le 47.

It will be seenA from the foregoing that I have developed an a paratusfor and a method of building wa s under water which eliminates thenecessity for a cotfer dam and one in which the vform can be set andcoll lapsed Without using a dlver. The struc'- ture I have called asubmarine form. It is handled as a unit and constitutes permanentequipment` which can, be used repeatedly. The structure is lifted bodilyb derricks operating from barges on the sur acevof the water.

In some instances, where the water is salt .26, 27 and 28. In Figs. 2Gand 27 tbes'e gaskets are shown between the abutting edges of thepanels50 composing a form, and in Fig. 28 they are shown as secured tothe abutting edges of the side form and the bulkhead by means of bolts51. Any manner of making the completed form structure water tight wouldsuilice and the foregoing is mentioned merely as one possibility. Whenused in this way the form is, in effect, a cotler dam and it will beseen that the apparatus is capable of takin either external or internalpressures. O course, it is my intention to o away with the use of cofferdams but in some instances they may be desirable and my improved form,as has been shown, is designed to meet such contingencies. y.

' I claim: L

1. The hereindescribed process of building concrete walls and the likeunder water which consists in lowerin and positioning a form in therelatively eeper portions of the water, in pouring the concrete, incollapsing the form, in removing a portion of the bottom of the form,and in repositioning the form in relatively shallower portions.

2. The 'herein described method of constructing a concrete wall in waterwhich consists in casting a footing under water, in mounting a travelingform on the footing, in casting a section of wall on said footing bymeans ot said form, and then in moving lilo the form along thegfootingto a new position. Y

3. A method of building a wall under water in superposed sections whichcomprises casting a lower section with parapets along its top, andsetting up and filling a form for the section above with its lower edgeslaterally sustained from said `para pets. y l 'i 4. A method of buildinga Wall under..-`

mg a traveling orm to itravel a ong said iso - under water comprisin aoat and a form Lemons adjustably suspended therefrom, so that, it

the work.

may be shifted up or down aecordinto the*` depth of water, and extensionmem ers on the form walls slidable up and down -tovary lthe outlines ofthe lower edges 4of 4the walls.

7. Apparatusfor'building a Yconcrete wall 1 under water comprising afloat, and aform l structure for straddling the'workinclud'ng5- sidesvadjustably `suspended from the -float and a-llexible transverseconnectionbetween them also adjustably suspended from the" float;` sothat the form may be-shifted up or down according to the depthof waterand' opened laterally for disengagement from 8; Apparatus for buildingconcrete walls under water comprising form walls and a; sustaining frametherefor adaptedI tof straddle 4the'work, with su ports; for sus?Vtaining the frame from the.. ottomindivid4 ually adjustable forvariations in the bottom contour, and means for tyingthe f r'ame, sidestogether through the form reniovable under water after a castinoperation.

` dorm' walls variable in outlinejand 'exten- 9. Apparatus, for uildingconcrete walls underwater comprising form ,walls 'and .a sustainingframe therefor adapted 4to.` straddle the work, with extensions [of saidsion downward to conform to' the bottom,

l and individually adjustable'supporting legs:`

- for sustaining frame and ,form `walls from the bottom. independentlyof engagement of said form walls therewith. 1 4

f 10. .Apparatus for building concrete'wallsj under waterbcomprisin formwalls and a sustaining trame there or, with extensions of said ,formwallsvariable in outline and extension downward to conform tn thebottom, and means forV laterally sustainin said form wall extensions forthe'frame si es.

11. Apparatus for building concrete*walls under water comprisinga frameadapted .to straddle the work, form walls collapsibly sustained by theframe sides, extensions of said form walls variable in outline and eli-V tension downward to conform tothe bottom, means for sustaining saidwall form extensions from the frame sides, and means for l operation.

t ing the frame sides together through the fbrm removable under waterafter a" casting 12. Apparatus Vfor building concrete walls' under watercomprising-a frame, with supports for sustaining the frame from the bottom individually adjustable for variations y in thefbottom conteur,-form walls collapsi` 1 by sustained'by the frame sides, extensipns osaid form walls variable in outline and -extensiondownward to conform tothe bottom, and means. for also sustaining saidY -form wall extensionsfrom the frame sides...

13.' Apparatus `for building a 'concrete wall under water comprising, incombinai.

tion, a frame, wall forms between theframe sides, and toggles forsustaining said forms :fr'om the frame sides beneath the water, 'with'means for operating said toggles from aboveA the water.;A 1

14.1Apparatus'orfmolding .concrete walls in water which comprisesincombination, a t

movable supportig structure, meansfor ad# justin'g the height ofthe;vsupporting'struc-,f

ture, vforms carried b said structure, toggle'sy for adjusting andre'easing'said forms, and means, accessible from above the water, foroperating thetog les. f

15. Apparatus-01'- moldin concrete structures Ain water which comprlsesin combination, a movable supporting structure, a form carried thereby',means for vadjusting the height ofthe su porting structure, meansfoi-.adjustixi'glan 'releasm'the form, and means forloperating the emeans and the form adjustingand means-from abovel the water. 16'.Apparatus for moldno concrete structures in water which comprises incombination, an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supportin"structure straddling the re easing las ight adusting` work, oppositelyisposed "molds attached thereto, an underwater tie rod extending betweenthe' legs of the U-shapedisupportin the sup rting accessible from abovethe water, for releas# ing and 'removin" the'tie rod, for operating losy`l structure', means 4foradjusting vthe height o structure, meansforfadjzllt ing an releasing the forms, and-'means all .-1

the height adjustmg means, and for operab' j ing the form adjustlng andieleasing means.

17. Apparatus for molding concrete walls in water which comprises incombination, a movablesupporting structure, a pair of oppositelydisposed mold sections, toggles connecting the mold sections to thesupporting structure, and operatn rods for the toggles accessible fromabove t e water by means of which thetoglgles-ma be straightened toadjustmnd set t forming.. position and `afterwards broken to Vreleasesaid sections from the work.

18. AApparatus for molding concrete walls in wkater which comprises incombination, an inverted substantially' U-shaped, movable supportingstructure straddling` thev work,-

oppositely disposed -molds carried thereby, an underwater tie rodextending between'r the legs of-the U-shaped supporting struclao emolsections 1n the desired ture and 'adapted to aid in preventing spreadmgthereof under the pressure of the concrete, means, accessibl v Afromabove the water, for releasing said ro ,andvmeans, also accessible fromlabove the `Water,- for withdrawing the rod after a casting' operation.

19, ,Apparatus for casting concrete walls Ain water which comprises incombination,

vertical upward movement thereof'.`

a supportin structure, a pair of oppositely disposed si e VWall moldsections Serlred thereto, and end bulkheads -carried bythe side 'moldsections, vthe side moldsections.

and the bulkheads having sliding -interengagement vmeans releasable .topermit removal of the .bnlkheads upon substantially 20. Apparatus fofcastilgconcrete walls in waterwhich comprises in combination, asupportingstructure, aair of oppositelj, disposed side wall mol sections-secured thereto' havin c -lon itud-inally' extending wales, and en-bulkeads carried by said wales, the bulkheads .and the Wales beingprovided with inclined en aging surfaces which act to urge the bulkleads to a` tight seat when the apparatus is in use butv permitreadyremoval fof the bulkheads upon sub- Stantilly vertical upwardmovement there- 21. Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water whichcomprises in ,combinatiom an inverted,'substantially ,U-shaped, movablesupporting structure `straddlingthe work, o positely disposed side WallVmolds carried t ereby, end bulkheads carried bythe side .molds, andmeans for adjusting or releasing the forms and the bulkheads 4from abovethe vte'r; '4 n v 22. Apparatus for eastingvconcrete walls in waterwhich comprises in combination,

an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supporting structurestraddlin'g the work, olppsitely dslposed side Wall molds vc'ilrried teeby, end ulkheads carried by the side molds, and means for releasingthe bulkheads from above the water.

23. 4Apparatus-for casting concrete walls in water which comprises incombination, a

justment of `the legs.

supporting structure, a air of oppositely disposed side wall molsections secured thereto, and end bulkheads carried by the side moldsections, the' `side mold sections and the bulkheads having inclinedinterengagement meanswhich act to urge the bulkheads to a ti ht seatwhen the apparatus is in use but wich permit read Vremoval of thebulkheads uPon substantiallyupward movementpthereo 24. Apparatus forcasting-concrete struc-' y a movable s'ubstantlallyrinverted-U'-zfzhaIied4 Vsupporting structure adapted to straddle thetures in water com 'rising vin combination;

work; oppositel dis osed mold sections 4ear- `ried thereby; a justa lelega'V on thesupp'o'rtj.

ing structure; adjustable lower edges on the.

mold sectionsJ adapted to telescopewthth'e 26. Apparatus for casting avv'allA under` water which com rises an inverted, substaul tially U-shaed orming structure the two legs of whici are pivoted -togethe'over thei straddled workT and an adjustableme'mber at the upper inner side of ale of the U adapted to carry a parapet bul head,said legT also beingadapted-to carry a railv for placement on the parapet,""means for -su 1-porting'the pvot point from above tlc- Water, and means for raising thelegs of the U around said pivot point whereby to reease the moldstructure 'from the vvorlr.

`In testimonv'wheren1- have -hereumo signedmy name. f i

CHRISTIAN BRYbKTl'JlYI.I

Avertical upward movement ture and Iadapted to aid in preventingspreading thereof under the pressure of the concrete, means,accessiblffrom above the water, for releasin said ro and means, alsoaccessible from a ove the pwatelg for withdrawing the rod after acasting operation.

19. .Apparatus for casting concrete walls vin water which comprises incombination,

a supportin structure, a pair of oppositel disposed si e wall moldsections Seure thereto, and end bulkheads ycarried by the side moldsections, and the b ulkheads having `sliding interengagement .meansreleasable to permit removal of the bull'iheadsl upon substantiallythereof. l 20. Apparatus for casting' concrete walls in water whichcomprises in combination, a supporting structure, a air of oppositelydisposed side wall mol j sections 4secured thereto' havin 4lon'tudinally extendino wales, and eng bulk eads carried by sai wales, the.b ulkheads and the wales being provided with inclined engaging Surfacesmolds,

4which'act to urge the bulkheads to a tight seat when the apparatus isin use but` permit ready removal `of the bulkheads upon sub- 21.Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water which comprises inPcombination, an inverted,'substantially U-shaped, movable supportingstructure straddling the work, ogpositely disposed side wall moldscarried t ereby, end bulkheads carried bythe side and means foradjusting or releasing the forms and the bulkheads from above theWater.'

22. Apparatus for casting concrete walls in water which comprises inJcombination, an inverted, substantially U-shaped, movable supportingstructure straddling the work, o positely dis osed side wall moldsAcarrled t ereby, end ulkheads carried by the side Vmolds, and means for'releasing vthe bulkheads from above the water.

23. Apparatusfor casting concrete walls in water which comprises inIcombination, a

.the side mold sections stantilly vertical upward movement Athere-l ofsupporting structure, a air of oppositely disposed side wall "molsections secured thereto, and end bulkheads carried by the side moldsections, therside mold sections and the bulkheads having inclinedinterenagement meanswhich act to urge the bulkeads to a ti ht seatA whenthe apparatus is in use but w ich permit readyremoval of the bulkheadsupon substantially upward movementthereo 24. Apparatusforcastingconcrete struc-` tures in water comprisin in combination; amovable substantla'lbr inverted U-shaped ;op ositel dis ose moldsections 4car- `riecl there y; a 'usta le legs on thesupportr ingstructure; a justable lower edges on the.

mold sectionsJ adapted to telescopewiththe mold sections. proper; andmeans, 'accessible from above the. water, for eiecting.theradjustmentVof the'legs".

j 25. A paratus for casting a. wall under water w ich com rises aninverted, substanf tially4 U-sha ed crm-ing structure. the two legs ofwhic -are pivoted together over the straddled work, a para et Iformingbulkhead at the upper inner si ve of a legof the U, means for supportinthe pivot point` vfrom above the water, an means for raising the legs ofthe U around said pivot point whereby zo. release the mold structurefrom the wor f .26. Apparatus for casting a wall under" water w ichcomprises an inverted, substanorming structure the two tially U-sha edlegs of whici are pivoted together over the straddled work, and anadjustable member at the upper inner side of a le of the U adapted tocarry a parapet bul head, said leg also being adapted'to carry a rail.for placement on the parapet,"'means for :su uporting' the pivot pointfrom above t 1e water, and means for raising the legs of the U aroundsaid pivot point whereby to rey.ease the mold structure from the work.

In testmonv 'wheren i T have. hereumo slgnedvmy name. f

' CHRISTIAN BRYNOLDT.,

Y emanate ffeprrectiaa i Patent No; 1,615,06, granted Janualiyrl, 192?,U0`4 I j' '13H1NLDT.4 A

Itis certified that 'error appears in theprinted' speitication oftheabovej *he u `oorrveclzicm Patent- Oilice.

patent requiring eorrectionas follows: f v i for naad and that the` saidLetters )Patent shouldfbe read/'with therein/that same 'may tol-tbe'record ofthel case the Pagen, line 53, claim 10, for

emma-madam istdaiygoffuali;

Certcate of Correction.

Patent No. 1,615,069, granted January 18, 1927, t0

CHRISTIAN BRYNGLDT.

It is hereby certified hat error appears in the printed specication 0fthe abovementioned patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, line53, claim 10, for the word for read from; mid that the Said LettersPatent. should be read with this correction therein Ithat the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent O.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of March, A. D. 1927.

M. J. MOORE, Acting of Paentt.

